We prepared ZnS thin films via chemical bath deposition (CBD) in an aqueous solution of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrazine (N₂H₄). The composition ratio of hydrazine used was 0%, 17%, 22%, 29%, or 50%. We investigated the effects of hydrazine and ammonia on the growth, and the structural and optical properties of ZnS in terms of surface uniformity, voids, and grain size. We found that during the growth of ZnS films, hydrazine was very effective for improving the surface morphology and layer uniformity with fast layer formation, while it had no effect on the bandgap energy, Eg.

Nano-structured one-dimensional Na2Ti6O13 particles were synthesized by a molten salt process. Effects of processing parameters on the microstructure and band gap energy of the Na2Ti6O13 powder were studied in this paper. For the synthesis of the Na2Ti6O13 particles, two different raw materials of tubular shaped Na-titanate (Na-TiNT) and spherical shaped TiO2 were utilized. Synthesizing with the raw material of Na-TiNT, around 70nm thick 1D-Na2Ti6O13 with the bandgap energy of 3.5 eV was obtained at 810℃. Below 810℃ or without the presence of NaCl, 1D-Na2Ti6O13 was in a relatively short in length and agglomerated state. With the processing temperature increased, the thickness of the 1D-Na2Ti6O13 was also observed to be increased. On the other hand, when TiO2 was employed as a raw material, the mixed amount of Na2CO3 played an important role in transforming the morphology and phase of the raw material, affecting the bandgap energy of the synthesized product. Specific surface area of the synthesized 1D-Na2Ti6O13 was significantly affected by the raw and mixed materials as well as processing temperature. When Na-TiNT was processed at 810℃ with NaCl, the specific surface area of the 1D-Na2Ti6O13 showed the best value of 30.63 m2/g.