Herein, for the quantitative analysis of the arc beads related to electric fire, we used electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), a measuring device for grain orientation of materials, we compared and analyzed the surface texture of primary and secondary beads according to the difference in cooling rate at ambient temperature. This analysis revealed that the primary beads showed similar distribution at both low and high angles, while the secondary beads showed a higher distribution at low angles than at high angles. Thus, EBSD can be used for quantitative analysis of the beads and can be applied to identify beads in the future.

Photoemission is a process in which photons are converted into free electrons. Photocathodesare the typical materials for the process. They emit electrons when a light is irradiated upon. Thetraditional method of manufacturing photocathodes is complicated, requires specialized equipment, and islimited very small sized samples. Cs3Sb photocathode was formed on a substrate in   atmosphericconditions. The photocathode formation was a gas phase reaction with the substrate. Vacuum deviceswere made to test electron emission characteristics of the formed photocathode. Visible light ofwavelength 475 nm was used for the primary light source. The results showed high current density andlong term stability of the photoelectron emission.