In this study, we propose a novel fabrication of an oxide-based lateral thermoelectric pn couple and investigate the characteristics of the thermoelectric couple. Electrospun ZnO and LaSrCoO3 nanofibers are used as n- and p-legs of the couple, respectively. The Seebeck coefficients of the n- and p-type nanofibers and the pn couple are -98.1 μV/K, 42.4 μV/K, and 118.8 μV/K, respectively. The thermoelectric couple generates an output voltage of 484.7 μV at a temperature difference of 4.1 K.