In this study, Cu(In, 5,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were prepared on the Mo coated soda-lime glass by the DC magnetron sputtering and a subsequent selenization process. For the selenization process. selenization rapid thermai process(WIP) with cracker cell, which was helpful to smaller an atomic of Se, was adopted. To make GIGS layer, they were then annealed with the cracked Se. Based on this selenization method, we made several GIGS thin film and investigated the effects of In deposition time, and selenization time. Through x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), it is found that the Mo/In/CuGa structure and the high sputtering power shows the dominant chalcopyrite structure and have a uniform distribution of the grain size. The CIGS films with the In deposition time of 5 ruin has the best structure due to the smooth surface. And CIGS films with the selenization time of 50 mm show good crystalline growth without any voids.

In order to prevent heat loss that occurs through the glass, low-emissivity (Low-E) coating methods with good insulating properties and high transmittance were used. lnGaZnO/Ag/InGaZnO (IGZO/Ag/IGZO) multilaver thin films have been deposited on XG glass substrate by HF magnetron sputtering. Depending on the different thickness of Ag in multilayer films, the structural and optical properties of Low-E multilayer films were analyzed. By XRI) analysis results, the multilayer thin films were observed to be amorphous structure regardless of Ag thickness. According to the AFM results, surface morphology of the multilayer films was observed and compared. Using UV-VIS spectroscopy, low emissivity propertty has been observed clearly with the transmittance of higher than 85% at visible range and lower than 30 at ll range.

Magnetoelectric(ME) bulk composites with PZT- PYN- PZN/FeO1 were prepared by using a conventional ceramic methods and investigated on the ME voltage vs frequency of ac magnetic fields. We made the electric equivalent circuits by using the Maxwell-Wagner model and simulated the frequency dependence of ME voltage in low frequency region. IVIE devices were described by a series of two equivalent circuits of piezoelectric and magnetic, which have the relaxation time T due to the interaction between ME device and load resistor. Equivalent circuit of piezoelectric material is independent of frequency. However ferrite magnetic materials have Debye absorption and dipolar dispersion, whose equivalent circuit is a function of frequency. Therefore we suggest the resistance in the equivalent circuit is proportion to (1 + w2t2) and the capacitance is in inverse proportion to (1 + w w2t2) in the magnetic materials.

In this paper, We studied the change of surface and variation of elements on both electrodes of hydrogen generator of alkaline electrolysis in use of FE-SEM and SIMS. We used the stainless steel 316(6(X) p m) as electrode in condition of 25%KOH, 60℃ Temperature. The results show that the intensity of elements (C, Si, P. S. Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo) of Positive Electrode are decreased as much as about 101 than the original electrode. Thickness of Positive Electrode is decreased about 40 pin after chemical reaction. The negative electrode, however, shows a slight variation in the intensity of elements (C, Si, P. Fe, Ni, Mn, Mo) but Change of thickness and surface` shape of electrode show nothing after chemical reaction. The change in thickness and variation of Stainless Steel 316 cause the lifetime of electrode to be shorted. We also observed hydrogen. oxygen, potassium in both electrodes. Especially, The potassium is increased in proportional with depth of positive electrode. this means the concentration of alkali solutions is changed. and so we have to supply alkaline solution to generator in order to produce same quantity of hydrogen gas continuously, we hope that this study gives a foundation to develop the electrode for hydrogen generator of alkaline electrolysis.

Abstract: We focused on the development of red azo colorants with high thermal stability and good solubility for LCD color filter in this research. For the synthesis of hybrid azo colorants, we used the couplers of aniline. naphthol and benzoimidazol functional group. The synthesized hybrid azo colorants were charaterized by using NMR, UV/visihle spec troscopy, FT - JR. EA and 1`GA. They represented the maximum absorption wavelengths which are longer than 500 urn in UV/visible spectrum. So they were confirmed to be suitable for red colorants of LCD color filter. Azo compound (la, lh) with aniline functional group had good soluhility in organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, chloroform and PGMEA. Moreover azo compounds (ic, id and Ic) with naphthol and benzoimidazolone functional group gave excellent thermal stability higher than 250t in TGA thermograms.

Abstract: We propose a generic method to calculate the optical functionalities of a 3D display with a lenticular lens array. In the present work, based on the geometrical optics, it is designed considering the specifications of the display panel. For the effective simulation, we first calculate the optical functionalities of a single cylindrical lens and, by comparing with the results obtained from the conventional geometrical optics, confirm the validity of the present method. Afterwards, we obtain the full distribution of the light intensity at an optimum viewing distance by expanding the results of the single lens to the horizontal plane of the display panel. From these results, we finally confirm whether the 3D images are realized or not in the system.

Abstract: To study the encapsulation method for heat dissipation of high brightness organic light emitting diode (OLEI)), red emitting OLED of ITO (150 nm) / 2 TNATA (50 rim) / NPB (30 rim) / A1q3 1 vol.% Rubrene (30 nm) / Alq3 (30 nm) / LiF (0.7 nm) / Al (200 nm) structure was fabricated, which on Alq3 (150 nm) / LiF (ISo nm) as buffer layer and Al as protective layer was deposited to protect the damage of OLED, and subsequently it was encapsulated using attaching film and metal sheet. The current density, luminance and power efficiency was improved according to thickness of Al protective layer. The emission spectrum and the Commission International de L`Eclairage (CIE) coordinate did not have any effects on encapsulation process using attaching film and metal sheet The lifetime of encapsulated OLED using attaching film and metal sheet was 307 hours in 1,200 nm Al thickness, which was increased according to thickness of Al protective layer, and was improved 7% compared with 287 hours, lifetime of encapsulated OLEI) using attaching film and flat glass. As a result, it showed the improved current density, luminance, power efficiency and the long lifetime, because the encapsulation method using attaching film and metal sheet could radiate the heat on OLED effectively.

Abstract: To realize the high-Tc superconducting (HTS) DC cable system, it is important to study not only high current capacity and low loss of conductor hut also optimum electrical insulation at cryogenic temperature. A model I-ITS DC cable system consists of a HTS conductor, semi-conductor, cooling system and insulating materials. Polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP) has been widely adopted as insulating material for HTS machines. However, the fundamental insulation characteristics of PPLP for the development of HTS DC cable have not been revealed satisfactorily until now. In this paper, we will discuss mainly on the breakdown characteristics of 3 sheets PILP in liquid nitrogen (LN2). The characteristics of the diameter, location of butt-gap, distance between butt-gap length, pressure effect, polarity effect under DC and impulse voltage were studied. Also, the DC polarity reversal breakdown voltage of mini-model cable was measured in LN2 under 0.4 MPa.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNT) / polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric composite films for nanogenerator devices were fabricated by spray coating method. When the CNT/PVDF mixture solution passes through the spray nozzle with small diameter by the compressed nitrogen gas, electric charges are generated in the liquid by a triboelectric effect. Then randomly distributed {3 phase PVDF film could be re-oriented by the electric field resulting from the accumulated electrical charges, and might be resulted in extremely one-directionally aligned 13 phase PVDF film without additional electric field for poling. X-ray diffraction patterns were used to investigate crystal structure of the CNT/PVDF composite films. It was confirmed that they revealed extremely large portion of the f3 phase PVDF crystalline in the film. Therefore we could obtain the poled CNT/PVDF piezoelectric composite films by the spray coating method without additional poling process.

Abstract: The new recycling technology for aged aluminum wires in overhead conductor has been carried out. The authors are attempting to develop remanufacturing method for them for more effective way of recycling in stead of its conventional remelting process. The new recycling technology for aged aluminum wire in overhead conductor was composed of four steps in different develop process, destranding process for conductor, surface cleaning process, welding process and drawing process for aluminum wire. This paper investigates the properties during recycle process of aged aluminum wire. The results of microscopic analysis and mechanical properties were discussed to underscore recycling aluminum wire. Various graphs are presented accompanied by discussion about their relevance on the process. In conclusion, we confirmed the possibility of remanufacturing technique by using new process.

We investigated the variation of anion exchange membrane of hydrogen generator of alkaline electrolysis. We detected the variation of elements and change of anion exchange membrane using EDS and FE-SEM. We detected two different sites of membrane because of different structure of membrane. Sp2 shows that the distribution ratio of C, 0, Al is 98% very higher than Sp2 of 78%. Especially, the main elements of STS316 which is P. S. Fe, Ni were more detected at Sp2 than Sp,. We think that this result depends on the structure of membrane. This also affect the resistance, lifetime of membrane and decrease the efficiency of hydrogen production. We hope that this article is a foundation of developing of hydrogen production technology.

An optical model is proposed in the white LED using phosphor and LED chip. In this paper a new model that describes the absorption rate and quantum efficiency with increasing the mixing ratio of phosphor in silicone, and the allotment of the phosphor absorption optical power in the several phosphor mixing in the silicone. Single phosphor in silicone from the optical measurement data before and after molding, the solution to get the blue optical power and the phosphor emission optical power is proposed. By these solution the absorption rate and the quantum efficiency was obtained. The model with single phosphor mixing in the silicone the validity was confirmed.