The Microplotter system with a fluid dispensing method, sprays fluid based on ultrasonic pumping through piezoelectric devices. This technique can possible for various materials with a wide range of viscosities to be printed in microscale. In this paper, we introduces dispenser printing technology as well as aim to understand and apply various processes using the equipment. In addition, we will explain how to optimize the equipment by adjusting parameters such as spray intensity, tip height during printing, and patterning speed. By utilizing Microplotter’s advantage of being compatible with a wide range of fluids, including metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, DNA, and proteins, it is expected to be used in various fields such as printed electronics, biotechnology, and chemical engineering.

In this paper, for the application of ultrasonic cleaners for cleaning dentures and transparent braces, Pb(Mn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-Pb(Ni_1/3 Nb_2/3)O₃-Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ [PMN-PNN-PZT] system ceramics were manufactured and their dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated. Overall the best properties suitable for the device applications such as ultrasonic cleaner were obtained from the ceramics sintered at 920℃: bulk density of 7.8 g/㎤, the dielectric constant (ε_r) of 1,689, piezoelectric charge constant (d₃₃) of 433 pC/N, planar electromechanical coupling factor (k_p) of 0.64, mechanical quality factor (Qm) of 835, S₁₁^E of 13.37 (10^-12 N/㎡), and Curie temperature of 315℃ By using the physical properties of this composition, the ultrasonic cleaner was designed and simulated using the commercial ATILA software. For the three-layered ceramics with the dimension of 25 mm × 25 mm × 2.5mm, an excellent displacement of 8.998 ×10^-3 m) and the sound pressure of 147.68 dB were recorded.

A flat-type piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transmitter was successfully fabricated for application in acoustic devices with cone-free diaphragms. The transmitter, possessing a center frequency of 40.6 kHz, exhibited a higher displacement characteristic for a multilayer type compared with a single layer type. Surface roughness treatment of an Al elastic diaphragm influenced a slight increase (1.1 dB) in the sound pressure level (SPL) at 10 Vrms due to the enlarged surface area. The fabricated multilayer piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transmitter showed increasing SPL with increasing input voltage, with a maximum SPL of approximately 123.6 dB at 10 Vrms. This implies a doubly increased SPL density of 3.6 dB/mm3, superior to that of a commercial open-type transmitter with a cone.

Ultrasonic wave technologies have been widely used in ultrasonic washing machines, ultrasonic surgery, ultrasonic welding machines, ultrasonic sensors, and medical instruments. Ultrasonic surgery can be realized through the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves. In this study, piezoelectric ceramics were manufactured to achieve the optimum design of a piezoelectric vibrator in a handheld generator for ultrasonic surgery. The best specimen showed the excellent piezoelectric properties of kp＝0.624, Qm＝1,531, and d₃₃＝356 pC/N. Numerical modeling based on the finite element method was performed to find the resonance frequency, the anti-resonance frequency, and the displacement properties of the handheld ultrasonic generator. Maximum displacement was observed in the six-step piezoelectric vibrator at 6.36 μm.

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a high power piezoelectric ultrasonic surgery unit for multi-purpose dental implantation. A conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic surgery units consists of a transducer and a tip. However, the drawback of this simple structure is that the output performance of the transducer considerably changes with the change of the tips. An ultrasonic surgery unit that has an additional booster between the transducer and the tip can solve this problem to some extent; for this, an optimal structural design for the transducer is required. We used the Bolted Langevin Transducer (BLT) as the basic transducer; it consists of piezoelectric ceramics and a metal body. It`s structure was optimized using mathematical methods to determine the length and radius of the tail and head masses. Additionally, the booster was also subjected to the same methods. Using these mathematical methods, optimal results in terms of the resonance frequency (24.96 kHz), displacement (14.27 ㎛), and pressure (2.8 MPa), could be obtained. The validity of this proposed surgery unit was confirmed experimentally, exhibiting a cutting force of around 7% higher than that of a conventional surgery unit.

Pb(Mn_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.07(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.10(Zr_0.5Ti_0.5)_0.83O₃ composition ceramics with high piezoelectric properties were fabricated by the columbite precursor method for ultrasonic generators, and the effects of sintering temperature on microstructure and piezoelectric properties were systematically investigated. It was found that the tetragonality of the ceramics decreased with increase in sintering temperature. Moreover, excellent physical properties such as d₃₃=447 pC/N, ε_r=1,843, k_p=0.641, and Q_m=1,207 were obtained for an ultrasonic generator when the second calcination temperature and sintering temperature were 720℃ and 920℃, respectively.

In this paper, Pb(Mn_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.07(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.10(Zr_0.5Ti_0.5)_0.83O₃ ceramics were fabricated by the conventional solid state method to obtain excellent dielectric properties for ultrasonic generators. The effects of 2nd calcination temperature on their microstructure and piezoelectric properties were systematically investigated. The tetragonality increased in the ceramics when 2nd calcination temperature increased to the optimized temperature at 750℃. At that temperature, excellent physical properties (d₃₃= 352 pC/N, ε_r= 1,687, k_p= 0.570, Q_m= 1,640) were obtained for ultrasonic generator application.

In this study, in order to develop the composition ceramics for ultrasonic sensor with high d33*g33, (Pb1-3x/2Bix(Mg1/2W1/2)0.03(Ni1/3Nb2/3)0.09(Zr0.5Ti0.5)0.88O3)(PMW-PNN-PZT) system ceramics were prepared using CuO as sintering aids. And then, their microstructure, piezoelectric and dielectric characteristics were systemetically investigated with bismuth substitution. The PMW-PNN-PZT ceramic specimens could be sintered at sintering temperature of 940℃ by adding sintering aids. At x=0.015 specimen, the density, electromechanical coupling factor(kp), dielectric constant, piezoelectric constant(d33) and piezoelectric figure of merit(d33*g33) indicated the optimal properties of 7.90 g/cm3, 0.67, 2,511, 628 pC/N, and 17.7 pm2/N, respectively, for duplex ultrasonic sensor application.

In this study, novel ultrasonic rotary motor of hexadecagon shape stator was proposed. Statorof the hexadecagon ultrasonic motor was composed of an elastic ring and ceramics. The elastic ring hadsixteen sides and sixteen angular points. Eight ceramics were attached on the outer surface of the eightsides of the ring. When rotor of cylindrical shaft was inserted inside of the ring stator, central lines of thesixteen sides of the stator hold the shaft by the slight pressures(frictions). This slight pressure was apreload of the motor and it could be controlled by radius and thickness of the ring. When two sinusoidalvoltages which have 90 degree phase difference were applied to each four ceramics, elliptical displacementsof inner surface of the ring were obtained. These elliptical displacements of the inner surface rotated theshaft rotor through the frictions. The proposed hexadecagon ultrasonic motor was designed and analyzedby using the finite element method (FEM), depending on materials of the elastic ring. Based on the FEMresults, one model of motor which showed maximum displacement at contact points was chosen andfabricated. And characteristics of the motor were compared with simulated results. When the motor wasfabricated with these results, EL20ET0.5CT0.5CW2 model showed 115[rpm] speed about input voltage of60[Vrms] at 65.6[kHz]. And the maximum torque of 6[gfcm] was obtained. From these results, thehexadecagon shaped ultrasonic motor can be used to actuator for optical device which needs detailedposition control. Also it can be used to medical and portable device by reducing size and weight.

A piezoelectric ultrasonic bone surgical instrument, usually used to remove the tartar out of teeth or to cut the dentine of the tooth, is a recently popular instrument for dental treatment due to its several merits such as small size, low-electric power and precision control of surgical operation. It has typically two parts of a tip and vibration system which is also composed of head, piezoelectric elements and tail-mass. In order to improve the performance of the instrument, it is important to standardize the size of the vibration system without tip for high performance. In this study, a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was utilized to optimize the structure of ultrasonic instrument in vibration system. Consequently, this study revealed that influence of several tips on property were minimized and it showed good property at the frequency range of 22∼32 kHz.

A bolt-clamped ultrasonic viscometer was designed and fabricated using a pair of ring-shaped piezoelectric ceramic resonators. For its compactness and low operation frequencies, simulation of piezoelectric resonators was carried out using an ATILA program. Ring-shaped resonators using 0.05Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3-0.95Pb(Zr0.475Ti0.525)O3 ceramics were prepared by a conventional ceramic processing, which were then clamped with a pair of metal caps. The fabricated sensor module with a small volume of less than 1 cm3 and an operation frequency as low as 26.5 kHz showed a good relationship between its quality factor and the viscosity of oil.

An operation temperature of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 based piezoelectric ultrasonic flowmeter was generally restricted to below 200˚C due to a low depoling temperature of its ceramic material. Thus, a new designed piezoelectric ultrasonic flowmeter was fabricated in order to protect from the extremely hot fluid. Its structure is optimized by a finite element method to effectively stop heat flowing along a waveguide. Various materials such as Cu, Al, SUS were examined as a multi-plate radiation shield to enhance the performance of piezoelectric ultrasonic flowmeter. The SUS was evaluated as the most effective material to enhance the performance of piezoelectric ultrasonic flowmeter. As the number of plates of the radiation shield increased, the temperature at piezoelectric transducer away from the hot fluid was constantly decreased with a ratio of 3.12˚C per the plate number.